Against

Deborah Mason

Communications Manager,

British Association of Dermatologists

Most people are now aware that exposure to sunlight helps to create vitamin D in their bodies – but this vitamin is also available through diet and supplementation. 

Perhaps what people are less aware of is that a sunbed does not emit ‘sunlight’: it puts out a mixture of UVA and UVB rays (which are constituents of sunlight) that have been specifically calibrated to make the skin tan quickly. It’s also worth noting that a recent study by CRUK (published in the British Journal of Dermatology earlier this year) found that nearly 90 per cent of sunbeds in the UK did not comply with EU regulations, and that the cancer risk for comparable time of exposure on these sunbeds was up to six times higher than Mediterranean sunlight; while it might be safe enough for many people to sit in the midday sun for eight to 10 minutes, the equivalent on a sunbed is not the same.

 Research linking sunbeds to skin cancer is often dismissed by the sunbed industry, perhaps because they don’t really understand how the research works. The most widely quoted paper (by Mathieu Boniol et al) is a meta-analysis, which means it has looked at many different pieces of research to see if there are common findings. They found 13 different studies that all came to the same conclusion: using sunbeds before the age of 35 increases your risk of skin cancer by 75 per cent. It’s also important to look at non-melanoma skin cancer; the sunbed industry tends to focus on melanoma only.

Also, recent Advertising Standards Authority rulings say that a sunbed is not a medical device, and that under advertising laws no health benefits can be advertised as arising from its use.

For

Oliver Gillie BSc PhD FRSA

Health Research Forum

For many years, sunbeds have been condemned on the grounds that their use can cause melanoma, the serious form of skin cancer that costs lives. Now we have new scientific evidence from the UK that suggests this view is not necessarily correct and that sunbeds, when used carefully, are generally safe.

Even more surprising, we now know that the vitamin D produced in skin during a sunbed session probably protects us from a variety of cancers.

Scientists at Leeds University have shown that regular exposure to the sun, and use of sunbeds, doesn’t generally cause melanoma in the UK. In fact, people who work outdoors and get lots of sunshine, and those who spend weekends outdoors, get less melanoma. Greater exposure to UV light means they make more vitamin D, which almost certainly protects against several cancers, including melanoma, and protects against common infections such as ‘flu and many other diseases.

However, a link between use of sunbeds and melanoma has been found by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, a prestigious body. IARC calculated that exposure to sunbeds would increase risk of melanoma by 15 per cent. However, this figure probably does not reflect modern sunbeds and modern usage in the UK. A favoured explanation is that risk of melanoma comes primarily from burning, or excessive exposure to UV light, when the skin has had little or no previous exposure.

Care always needs to be taken to begin any sun exposure with small doses: then the benefits in terms of the prevention of cancer greatly exceed the risks.

"now we have new scientific evidence from the UK which suggests that sunbeds, when used carefully, are generally safe"

For

Gary Lipman

Chair,

The Sunbed Association

For many years, sunbeds were a significant secondary revenue generator in the vast majority of health clubs across the UK. The anti-tanning campaigns vociferously attacked sunbeds, lobbying for their withdrawal on alleged health grounds, with much success. Now the tide is turning. What we have always known is now backed up with published scientific evidence: there is no correlation between responsible sunbed use and skin cancer. Indeed, recent studies have shown that responsible tanning can help prevent melanoma.

In addition, the world’s leading experts on vitamin D advocate use of a sunbed to ensure optimum vitamin D status when living in countries with latitudes such as the UK, where regular exposure to the correct intensity of UV just isn’t possible for more than six months of the year. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to many health issues and diseases – as well as, interestingly, athletic performance.

As in any successful gym environment, properly trained staff and well-maintained equipment are at the core of responsible sunbed provision. For health clubs keen to ensure their sunbed provision operates to best practice, membership of The Sunbed Association provides the necessary tools, information and support.

Given all the above – and with regulatory maximum UV irradiance levels in place to remove the risk of burning, legislation to prohibit under-age use of sunbeds, and a code of practice ensuring optimum customer care – there is considerable synergy to be derived from the provision of sunbeds in a health club environment.

Against

Jordan Smithies

MD,

Elite Fitness

I’m not personally heavily in favour of, or heavily against, sunbeds, but in 2010 I made the decision to remove them from my club – then known as Tara Leisure and Sports, in Oldham.

That decision was the result of very passionate campaigning by one of our members – a lady called Gill Nuttall, who was the founder of skin cancer charity Factor 50. She had originally just wanted to do more to raise awareness of skin cancer, and specifically draw our members’ attention to the potential risks associated with sunbed use. However, based on what she was telling me I felt that, as a health centre owner, I had a duty to remove sunbeds altogether.

Although the decision mainly came about thanks to Gill’s efforts, in the end we all know someone who’s suffered from cancer. I wanted to do my bit. When there are other risk-free alternatives out there like spray tans, I felt it was right thing to do to remove our sunbeds.

At the time, we did look into offering spray tans instead, but in the end that didn’t happen. We didn’t experience any negative impact as a result of our decision though. Sunbeds were never really a core part of the business, and in fact members seemed to appreciate what we’d done – as did the local press, who gave our decision a lot of very positive coverage.